Results all of the participants in the study owned smartphones. Oct 10, 2017 smartphones are becoming increasingly indispensable in everyday life for most undergraduates in china, and this has been associated with problematic use or addiction. The sassv showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of smartphone addiction. The subjects were 478 collegeuniversity students in japan. Divya rani singh abstract mobile phone usage is so strongly integrated into young peoples behavior that symptoms of behavioral addiction, such as cell phone usage interrupting their day today activities. Sas sv smartphone addiction scale short version spss statistical package for social science uclaversion 3 ucla loneliness scale version 3 utar universiti tunku abdul rahman. Short version of the smartphone addiction scale adapted to. Dec 31, 20 conclusions the sas sv showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of smartphone addiction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of smartphone addiction and the associated factors in male and female undergraduates.
In addition, the reliability and validity of the smartphone addiction scale sas was demonstrated. Jun, 2019 smartphone addiction is a headlinegrabbing preoccupation, but just how strong are the conclusions about this addiction. The sassv is a validated scale that contains 10 items rated on a dimensional scale 1 strongly disagree to 6 strongly agree 14. Data were collected using a personal information form, the smartphone addiction scaleshort version sassv, and the communication skills assessment scale. Smartphone addiction was assessed using a short version of the smartphone addiction scale for adolescents sas sv.
Data were collected using a personal information form, the smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv, and the communication skills assessment scale. Nsights from ong erm elemetric ehavioral easures exploring. The concurrent validity was confirmed using sas, saps and ksscale. Sv has a cutoff value that was determined by clinical judgement. This study is a validation of smartphone addiction scale short version sassv developed by kwon and his colleagues. The smartphone addiction scale short version, which was developed and validated in this study, could be used efficiently for the evaluation of smartphone addiction. Within the scope of this study, smartphone addiction scale sas, developed by kwon et al. Why assumptions about smartphone addiction may be based on. Developing a shorter version of the estonian smartphone.
We summarise each of the instrument definitions used, and highlight the behavioural domains in additional file 1. A cutoff point at of 3160 in males and 3360 in females was utilized in the short version sas by one spanishbelgium study 19. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction, using the smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv among english language preparatory year students in a state university. Research into smartphone addiction has followed the scientific literature on. Investigation of smartphone addiction effect on recreational. Smartphone addiction scale short version sassv is adapted to spanish and. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to seek associations between smartphone addiction and. Developing a shorter version of the estonian smartphone addiction proneness scale esaps18 dmitri rozgonjuk 1, valdur rosenvald 2, sven janno 3, karin taht 4. The smartphone addiction levels and the association with com. The smartphone addiction scale short version, which was. The conceptual model on smart phone addiction among early childhood. Effects of smartphone overuse on hand function, pinch. Short version of the smartphone addiction scale in chinese. Dec 31, 20 these results were considered because the smartphone addiction scale sas is not designed to pathologically diagnose smartphone addiction but more to identify the level of the smartphone addiction risk and to distinguish the highrisk group.
This scale is a shortened version of the original smartphone addiction scale sas, which consists of 33 questions and 6 points developed by kwon,lee,etal. Why assumptions about smartphone addiction may be based. Validity and reliability of the turkish version of the. The smartphone addiction scale is a selfdiagnostic scale used to identify smartphone addicts 20. Burnout, perceived stress, sleep quality, and smartphone. Smartphone addiction and its relationship with social. The aim of this study was to develop a selfdiagnostic scale that could distinguish smartphone addicts based on the korean selfdiagnostic program for internet addiction k scale and the smartphone s own features. The scale consisted of 33 items rated on a 6point likerttype scale from 1 to 6.
The relationship between addiction to smartphone usage and. Conclusions the sas sv showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of smartphone addiction. Three hundred and sixtyseven students who owned smartphones were given the smartphone addiction scale sas, ucla loneliness scale uclals, and brief social phobia scale bsps. Among these scales, only the short version smartphone addiction scale sas. Study 1 n 407 yielded a preliminary version of the scale, which was refined in study 2 n 601.
Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate demographic and healthrelated predictors of smartphone addiction. The sas was validated against other measures of problematic smartphone use kwon et. A sociodemographic data form produced by the authors and consisting of 10 questions was administered together with a questionnaire involving the smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv, the flourishing scale, the general health questionnaire, and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Smartphone addiction was assessed using a short version of the smartphone addiction scale for adolescents sassv.
They were requested to complete the study questionnaire, which consisted of questions about demographics, internet use, the internet addiction test iat, the smartphone addiction scale sas short version sv, and the 25item hikikomori questionnaire hq25, etc. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in. Frontiers internet addiction, smartphone addiction, and. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale sas article pdf available in plos one 82.
Impact of mobile phone addiction on adolescents life. The smartphone addiction scale sas, originally developed in korean. Using the smartphone addiction scale for college students sas c, smartphone usage motivation scale and state anxiety scale sanxiety, we investigated 600 chinese college students who identified themselves as smartphone users. The relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms. In addition, it suggested cutting off the values by gender in order to determine smartphone addiction. The sas sv scores of gender p smartphone addiction p smartphone addiction, fear of missing out and perceived competence smartphone addiction scale sas. Smartphone addiction scale sas is designed to identify the level of the smartphone addiction risk and to distinguish the highrisk group kwon et al. In total, 255 students studying at dumlupinar university and using smartphone 6 male and 119 female voluntarily participated to the study. Pdf short version of the smartphone addiction scale in chinese. Individuals have to respond on the likert scale between 16, where 1 indicates strongly disagree and 6 indicates strongly agree.
Effects of smartphone addiction level on social and. Sas and its subscales were significantly correlated with k scale and y scale. Smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv is adapted to spanish and french. As a result, smart phone addiction and depression, anxiety, impulsiveness. In addition, differences were found in the job p smartphone addiction scores p sas. This was measured by included studies using a range of scales, such as the smartphone addiction scale sas or the mobile phone problematic use scale mppus, 14. Smartphone addiction and its relationship with social anxiety. Types of smartphone usage and relations with problematic. Smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv the sas was originally developed by kwon, lee, et al. These results were considered because the smartphone addiction scale sas is not designed to pathologically diagnose smartphone addiction but more to identify the level of the smartphone addiction risk and to distinguish the highrisk group. In the original scale of sas, the cutoff point was not reported 18. Development of shorta form and screening cutoff point of the. Subjects were asked to complete a selfreported questionnaire, including measures of the korean smartphone addiction scale sas, beck depression inventory bdi, beck anxiety inventory bai, and connerswells adolescent selfreport scale cass.
Both adaptations are characterized with very good reliability factor and construct validity. We aimed to determine the relationship of smartphone addiction with social phobia and loneliness in a sample of university students in istanbul, turkey. Smartphone addiction scale sas is used to asses the severity of smartphone dependency and addiction. Smartphone addiction is a headlinegrabbing preoccupation, but just how strong are the conclusions about this addiction. Psychosocial factors affecting smartphone addiction in. The smartphone addiction scale short version, which was developed and validated in. Effects of smartphone addiction level on social and educational life in health sciences students. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale. A model on smartphone addiction of early childhood. It is a 10item, monodimensional, selfadministered questionnaire, which was validated using a large korean sample.
Each of these surveys, such as the smartphone addiction scale, rely. This crosssectional study was conducted in 2016 and included 1441 undergraduate. Since no gender differences were reported between these cut off points 19, a cutoff point of score 3260 or pms. Nov 01, 2017 smartphone addiction scale sas is used to asses the severity of smartphone dependency and addiction. Smartphone addiction scale short version sassv the sas was originally developed by kwon, lee, et al. Smartphone addiction scale sas sv into spanish and into french. The conceptual model on smart phone addiction among early. The smartphone addiction levels and the association with. A high total score in the scale, which has no cutoff score. Short version of the smartphone addiction scale in chinese adults.
Smartphone addiction scale sas is a scale for smartphone addiction that consisted of 6 factors and 33 items with a sixpoint likert scale 1. The vas of each factor also showed a significant correlation with each subscale. The sams system consists of an android smartphone application and a web application server. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale sas. Insights from longterm telemetric behavioral measures and how those manifested in realworld usage patterns. In addition, the reliability and validity of the smartphone addiction scale sas. Smartphone addiction proneness in relation to sleep and. To further scrutinize these betweenstudy discrepancies in effect size, we encourage. Smartphone addiction scale sas scores and grip and pinch strengths were recorded.
Smartphone addiction and its effect on mental health. The sas sv showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of smartphone addiction. The sas sv was significantly correlated with the sas, saps and ks scale. This study was designed to investigate the revised and short version of the smartphone addiction scale and the proof of its validity in adolescents. Objective the aim of this study was to develop a selfdiagnostic scale that could distinguish smartphone addicts based on the korean selfdiagnostic program for internet addiction k scale and the smartphone s own features. Frontiers psychometric properties and factor structures. Italian validation of smartphone addiction scale short. Reliability of the arabic smartphone addiction scale and. Each of these surveys, such as the smartphone addiction scale. Older age, playing of smartphone games, smartphone media applications, poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety were associated with smartphone addiction in males. The smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv and the pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi were used to assess smartphone addiction and sleep quality among the students, respectively. Validation of smartphone addiction scale international. This study aims to assess the factorial validity and internal reliability of the arabic smartphone addiction scale sas and smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv in a moroccan surveyed population. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of sas were verified with a cronbachs alpha of 0.
Pdf development and validation of a smartphone addiction. The present research was aimed to develop a comprehensive selfreport scale that accounts for the cognitive, affective, social, and behavioral impacts of smartphones in everyday lifethe smartphone impact scale sis. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the smartphone addiction scale short version sassv and examined its associated sociodemographic factors. Smartphone addiction and its association with common. Univariate analysis of factors associated with smartphone addiction between genders. Participants rated each item on a 5point likert scale ranging from never 1 to always 5. To cope with these limitations, a comprehensive ict information and communications technology system called sams smartphone addiction management system is developed for objective assessment and intervention. Frontiers psychometric properties and factor structures of.
Such an understanding can be helpful for assessing the severity of smartphone addiction and providing a more. Smartphone addiction and non addiction groups were defined using sas score of 42 as a cutoff. To our knowledge, no scale in arabic language is available to assess maladaptive behavior associated with smartphone use. It also aimed to determine which mobile applications are more popular among the participants. Development and validation of a short version for adolescents article pdf available in plos one 812. This study adapts the short version of the smartphone addiction scale sas sv into spanish and into french. We report the linguistic validation process and the metric validity of the l ita ian version of the sas sv in the italy, it is useful to collect data about the pa. A 15question survey, the smartphone addiction measurement instrument sami, modeled after the cellular phone addiction scale cpas. The sas has 33 items, with likert item responses from 1 strongly disagree to 6 strongly agree. Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone.
Feb 27, 20 the aim of this study was to develop a selfdiagnostic scale that could distinguish smartphone addicts based on the korean selfdiagnostic program for internet addiction k scale and the smartphone s own features. Smartphones are popular media that are easier to access than other media. The smartphone addiction scale short version, which was developed and validated in this study, could be used efficiently for the evaluation of smartphone addiction in community and research areas. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young. Smartphone addiction and its association with common mental. In addition, the 15item smartphone addiction proneness scale assesses a persons risk for smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction scale short version sassv is adapted to spanish and french. One hundred two students were divided into 3 groups. The scale was translated by independent researchers using the parallel translation method and one of the authors was used as. State anxiety moderates the association between motivations. Problematic smartphone use also known as smartphone overuse, smartphone addiction, mobile phone overuse, or cell phone dependency, is proposed by some researchers to be a form of psychological or behavioral dependence on cell phones, closely related to other forms of digital media overuse such as social media addiction or internet addiction disorder. Research into smartphone addiction has followed the scientific literature on problematic mobile phone use developed during the last decade, with valid screening scales being developed to identify maladaptive behaviour associated with this technology, usually in adolescent populations.
A crosssectional survey on smartphone usage pattern, the. This tool has been reduced to create a short version sassv 20 which was eventually adapted to french 21. Smartphone addiction was measured using the smart phone addiction scale short version sassv. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people. To establish a valid and reliable translated version of smartphone addiction scale for adolescent sas sv in italian languages. The aim of the study was to i examine the scale s psychometric properties in both languages, ii estimate the prevalence of potential excessive smartphone use among spanish and belgian adults, and iii compare the addictive symptomatology measured. Smartphone addiction may be associated with adolescent. Methods a total of 197 participants were selected from nov. The sas consists of 48 questions and is grouped into six subscales, all weighted equally on a 6point scale. Randomly selected students completed a survey comprising patient health questionnaires seven and nine phq9 and phq7 to screen for depression and anxiety respectively, and the smartphone addiction scale short version sas sv to grade smartphone use. Table 2 presents the univariate analyses of potential factors related to smartphone addiction. Jan 11, 2019 using the smartphone addiction scale for college students sas c, smartphone usage motivation scale and state anxiety scale sanxiety, we investigated 600 chinese college students who identified themselves as smartphone users.
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